The International Conference on Middle English (ICOME) started in the mid 1990s as a bi-/triennial conference and has been organised by leading universities in the field of the history of English across Europe (Poznań, Helsinki, Dublin, Vienna, Naples, Cambridge, Murcia, Stavanger, Florence, Glasgow, Málaga, etc.). Traditionally, ICOME gathers researchers working on both Middle English language and literature, including perspectives on variation and change, textual and manuscript studies, literary and cultural approaches, language contact, pragmatics and narratology.