The next big scientific impacts will unfold as scientific communities transcend domain boundaries to tackle interesting multidisciplinary questions. To deliver on these challenges, there is a pressing need for connected learning and computing paradigms that deliver insightful and explainable solutions.  Designing novel and combined computing, learning, AI, and HPC paradigms is essential to address grand challenges at the intersection of multiple scientific domains; whether it is the impact of climate change on energy resources and food production, the economic consequences of pandemics, or the development of novel materials to build new computing platforms. The theme for PASC24 focuses on the grand challenge of combining physics-based simulations with novel machine learning and AI based methods to address interdisciplinary problems in science.